Species counterpoint will not involve a specific style (classical, baroque, romantic, pop/rock, etc.). The Psychology of Music and the Effect of Counterpoint These principles build on concepts from the Fundamentals section, such as intervals and scale degrees. Later study of counterpoint will involve the remaining species, Third and Fifth.īefore diving into each species, we will begin by introducing principles that apply to writing lines in any of the species. In our study in music theory, we will focus only on the First, Second, and Fourth species of Counterpoint. In the first part of Gradus ad Parnassum, Fux works through five species of counterpoint for combining two voices. Many composers and songwriters from the 18 th century to the present day have used this method, or some variation on it, while learning their craft. While there are many variants on this approach, the chapters here are closely modeled on Johann Joseph Fux’s Gradus ad Parnassum ( Steps to Parnassus, 1725). Here, the species are types of exercises that are done in a particular order, introducing one or two new musical “problems” (or what we might call, challenges) at each stage. The term “species” is probably most familiar as a way of categorizing animals, but it is also used in a wider sense to refer to any system of grouping similar elements. We begin our study of counterpoint with a specific method called species counterpoint. The other species may be explored at a later time.
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